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Q21. - (Topic 1)
How does a switch differ from a hub?
A. A switch does not induce any latency into the frame transfer time.
B. A switch tracks MAC addresses of directly-connected devices.
C. A switch operates at a lower, more efficient layer of the OSI model.
D. A switch decreases the number of broadcast domains.
E. A switch decreases the number of collision domains.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Some of the features and functions of a switch include:
A switch is essentially a fast, multi-port bridge, which can contain dozens of ports.
Rather than creating two collision domains, each port creates its own collision domain.
In a network of twenty nodes, twenty collision domains exist if each node is plugged into its
own switch port.
If an uplink port is included, one switch creates twenty-one single-node collision domains.
A switch dynamically builds and maintains a Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) table,
holding all of the necessary MAC information for each port.
For a detailed description of how switches operate, and their key differences to hubs, see
the reference link below.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/473/lan-switch-cisco.shtml
Q22. - (Topic 1)
Refer to the exhibit.
SwitchA receives the frame with the addressing shown. According to the command output also shown in the exhibit, how will SwitchA handle this frame?
A. It will drop the frame.
B. It will forward the frame out port Fa0/6 only.
C. It will flood the frame out all ports.
D. It will flood the frame out all ports except Fa0/3.
Answer: B Explanation:
Switches keep the learned MAC addresses in a table, so that when a frame comes in with a destination MAC address that the switch has already learned, it will forward it to that port only. If a frame comes in with a destination MAC that is not already in the MAC address table, then the frame will be flooded to all ports except for the one that it came in on. In this case, Switch A already knows that 00b0.d0da.cb56 resides on port fa0/6, so it will forward the from out that port.
Q23. - (Topic 2)
What does a host on an Ethernet network do when it is creating a frame and it does not have the destination address?
A. Drops the frame
B. Sends out a Layer 3 broadcast message
C. Sends a message to the router requesting the address
D. Sends out an ARP request with the destination IP address
Answer: D
Explanation:
In this case, it will send out an ARP request for MAC address of the destination IP (assuming it doesn't already have it in its table) and then address it to the destination's MAC address.
Q24. - (Topic 7)
Which NTP command configures the local device as an NTP reference clock source?
A. ntp peer
B. ntp broadcast
C. ntp master
D. ntp server
Answer: D
Q25. - (Topic 3)
An administrator must assign static IP addresses to the servers in a network. For network 192.168.20.24/29, the router is assigned the first usable host address while the sales server is given the last usable host address.
Which of the following should be entered into the IP properties box for the sales server?
A. IP address: 192.168.20.14 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248 Default Gateway: 192.168.20.9
B. IP address: 192.168.20.254 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway: 192.168.20.1
C. IP address: 192.168.20.30 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248 Default Gateway: 192.168.20.25
D. IP address: 192.168.20.30 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240 Default Gateway: 192.168.20.17
E. IP address: 192.168.20.30 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240 Default Gateway: 192.168.20.25
Answer: C
Explanation:
With network 192.168.20.24/29 we have:
Increment: 8 (/29 = 255.255.255.248 = 11111000 for the last octet)
Network address: 192.168.20.24 (because 24 = 8 * 3)
Broadcast address: 192.168.20.31 (because 31 = 24 + 8 – 1)
Therefore the first usable IP address is 192.168.20.25 (assigned to the router) and the last usable IP address is 192.168.20.30 (assigned to the sales server). The IP address of the router is also the default gateway of the sales server.
Q26. CORRECT TEXT - (Topic 6)
This topology contains 3 routers and 1 switch. Complete the topology.
Drag the appropriate device icons to the labeled Device Drag the appropriate connections to the locations labeled Connections. Drag the appropriate IP addresses to the locations labeled IP address
(Hint: use the given host addresses and Main router information) To remove a device or connection, drag it away from the topology.
Use information gathered from the Main router to complete the configuration of any additional routers.
No passwords are required to access the Main router. The config terminal command has been disabled for the HQ router. The router does not require any configuration.
Configure each additional router with the following:
Configure the interfaces with the correct IP address and enable the interfaces.
Set the password to allow console access to consolepw
Set the password to allow telnet access to telnetpw
Set the password to allow privilege mode access to privpw
Not E: Because routes are not being added to the configurations, you will not be able to ping through the internetwork.
All devices have cable autosensing capabilities disabled.
All hosts are PC’s
Answer: Specify appropriate devices and drag them on the "Device" boxes For the device at the bottom-right box, we notice that it has 2 interfaces Fa0/2 and Fa0/4; moreover the link connects the PC on the right with the device on the bottom-right is a straight-through link -> it is a switch The question stated that this topology contains 3 routers and 1 switch -> two other devices are routers Place them on appropriate locations as following: (Host D and host E will be automatically added after placing two routers. Click on them to access neighboring routers) Specify appropriate connections between these devices:
+
The router on the left is connected with the Main router through FastEthernet interfaces: use a crossover cable
+
The router on the right is connected with the Main router through Serial interfaces: use a
serial cable
+
The router on the right and the Switch: use a straight-through cable
+
The router on the left and the computer: use a crossover cable (To remember which type of cable you should use, follow these tips:
-
To connect two serial interfaces of 2 routers we use serial cable
-
To specify when we use crossover cable or straight-through cable, we should remember: Group 1: Router, Host, Server Group 2: Hub, Switch One device in group 1 + One device in group 2: use straight-through cable Two devices in the same group: use crossover cable For example, we use straight-through cable to connect switch to router, switch to host, hub to host, hub to server... and we use crossover cable to connect switch to switch, switch to hub, router to router, host to host.) Assign appropriate IP addresses for interfaces: From Main router, use show running-config command.
(Notice that you may see different IP addresses in the real CCNA exam, the ones shown above are just used for demonstration)
From the output we learned that the ip address of Fa0/0 interface of the Main router is
192.168.152.177/28. This address belongs to a subnetwork which has:
Increment: 16 (/28 = 255.255.255.240 or 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 0000)
Network address: 192.168.152.176 (because 176 = 16 * 11 and 176 < 177)
Broadcast address: 192.168.152.191 (because 191 = 176 + 16 - 1)
And we can pick up an ip address from the list that belongs to this subnetwork:
192.168.152.190 and assign it to the Fa0/0 interface the router on the left Use the same method for interface Serial0/0 with an ip address of 192.168.152.161 Increment: 16 Network address: 192.168.152.160 (because 160 = 16 * 10 and 160 < 161) Broadcast address: 192.168.152.175 (because 176 = 160 + 16 - 1) -> and we choose 192.168.152.174 for Serial0/0 interface of the router on the right Interface Fa0/1 of the router on the left IP (of the computer on the left) : 192.168.152.129/28 Increment: 16 Network address: 192.168.152.128 (because 128 = 16 * 8 and 128 < 129) Broadcast address: 192.168.152.143 (because 143 = 128 + 16 - 1) -> we choose 192.168.152.142 from the list Interface Fa0/0 of the router on the right IP (of the computer on the left) : 192.168.152.225/28 Increment: 16 Network address: 192.168.152.224 (because 224 = 16 * 14 and 224 < 225) Broadcast address: 192.168.152.239 (because 239 = 224 + 16 - 1) -> we choose 192.168.152.238 from the list Let's have a look at the picture below to summarize Configure two routers on the left and right with these commands: Router1 = router on the left Assign appropriate IP addresses to Fa0/0 & Fa0/1 interfaces: Router1>enable Router1#configure terminal Router1(config)#interface fa0/0 Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.152.190 255.255.255.240 Router1(config-if)#no shutdown Router1(config-if)#interface fa0/1 Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.152.142 255.255.255.240 Router1(config-if)#no shutdown Set passwords (configure on two routers)
+
Console password: Router1(config-if)#exit Router1(config)#line console 0
Router1(config-line)#password consolepw Router1(config-line)#login Router1(config-line)#exit
+
Telnet password: Router1(config)#line vty 0 4 Router1(config-line)#password telnetpw Router1(config-line)#login Router1(config-line)#exit
+
Privilege mode password: Router1(config)#enable password privpw Save the configuration: Router1(config)#exit Router1#copy running-config startup-config Configure IP addresses of Router2 (router on the right) Router2>enable Router2#configure terminal Router2(config)#interface fa0/0 Router2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.152.238 255.255.255.240 Router2(config-if)#no shutdown Router2(config-if)#interface serial0/0 Router2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.152.174 255.255.255.240 Router2(config-if)#no shutdown Then set the console, telnet and privilege mode passwords for Router2 as we did for Router1, remember to save the configuration when you finished.
Q27. - (Topic 7)
Which destination IP address can a host use to send one message to multiple devices across different subnets?
A. 172.20.1.0
B. 127.0.0.1
C. 192.168.0.119
D. 239.255.0.1
Answer: D
Explanation: Multicast is a networking protocol where one host can send a message to a special multicast IP address and one or more network devices can listen for and receive
those messages. Multicast works by taking advantage of the existing IPv4 networking infrastructure, and it does so in something of a weird fashion. As you read, keep in mind that things are a little confusing because multicast was "shoe-horned" in to an existing technology. For the rest of this article, let's use the multicast IP address of 239.255.0.1. We'll not worry about port numbers yet, but make a mental note that they are used in multicast. We'll discuss that later.
Q28. - (Topic 5)
How can you ensure that only the MAC address of a server is allowed by switch port Fa0/1?
A. Configure port Fa0/1 to accept connections only from the static IP address of the server.
B. Configure the server MAC address as a static entry of port security.
C. Use a proprietary connector type on Fa0/1 that is incomputable with other host connectors.
D. Bind the IP address of the server to its MAC address on the switch to prevent other hosts from spoofing the server IP address.
Answer: B
Explanation:
When the MAC address is configured as static entry, no other address is allowed.
Q29. - (Topic 3)
Scenario
Refer to the topology. Your company has decided to connect the main office with three other remote branch offices using point-to-point serial links.
You are required to troubleshoot and resolve OSPF neighbor adjacency issues between the main office and the routers located in the remote branch offices.
An OSPF neighbor adjacency is not formed between R3 in the main office and R6 in the Branch3 office. What is causing the problem?
A. There is an area ID mismatch.
B. There is a PPP authentication issue; the username is not configured on R3 and R6.
C. There is an OSPF hello and dead interval mismatch.
D. The R3 router ID is configured on R6.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Using the show running-config command we see that R6 has been incorrectly configured with the same router ID as R3 under the router OSPF process.
Q30. - (Topic 5)
Refer to the exhibit.
Why was this message received?
A. No VTY password has been set.
B. No enable password has been set.
C. No console password has been set.
D. No enable secret password has been set.
E. The login command has not been set on CON 0
F. The login command has not been set on the VTY ports.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Your CCNA certification exam is likely going to contain questions about Telnet, an application-level protocol that allows remote communication between two networking devices. With Telnet use being as common as it is, you had better know the details of how to configure it in order to pass your CCNA exam and to work in real-world networks.
The basic concept is pretty simple - we want to configure R1, but we're at R2. If we telnet successfully to R1, we will be able to configure R1 if we've been given the proper permission levels. In this CCNA case study, R2 has an IP address of 172.12.123.2 and R1 an address of 172.12.123.1. Let's try to telnet from R2 to R1.
R2#telnet 172.12.123.1 Trying 172.12.123.1 ... Open Password required, but none set [Connection to 172.12.123.1 closed by foreign host]
This seems like a problem, but it's a problem we're happy to have. A Cisco router will not let any user telnet to it by default. That's a good thing, because we don't want just anyone connecting to our router! The "password required" message means that no password has been set on the VTY lines on R1. Let's do so now.
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#password baseball
A password of "baseball" has been set on the VTY lines, so we shouldn't have any trouble using Telnet to get from R2 to R1. Let's try that now.
R2#telnet 172.12.123.1
Trying 172.12.123.1 ... Open
User Access Verification
Password:
R1>
We're in, and placed into user exec mode.
Reference:
http://www.mcmcse.com/cisco/guides/telnet_passwords_and_privilege_levels.shtml