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Q351. One of the most common and the best way of cracking RSA encryption is to being to derive the two prime numbers, which are used in the RSA PKI mathematical process. If the two numbers p and q are discovered through a _________________ process, then the private key can be derived.
A. Factorization
B. Prime Detection
C. Hashing
D. Brute-forcing
Answer: A
Explanation: In April 1994, an international cooperative group of mathematicians and computer scientists solved a 17-year-old challenge problem, the factoring of a 129-digit number, called RSA-129, into two primes. That is, RSA-129 = 1143816257578888676692357799761466120102182 9672124236256256184293570693524573389783059 7123563958705058989075147599290026879543541 = 34905295108476509491478496199038 98133417764638493387843990820577 times 32769132993266709549961988190834 461413177642967992942539798288533. Se more at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_Factoring_Challenge
Q352. Joseph was the Web site administrator for the Mason Insurance in New York, who's main Web site was located at www.masonins.com. Joseph uses his laptop computer regularly to administer the Web site. One night, Joseph received an urgent phone call from his friend, Smith. According to Smith, the main Mason Insurance web site had been vandalized! All of its normal content was removed and replaced with an attacker's message ''Hacker Message: You are dead! Freaks!''
From his office, which was directly connected to Mason Insurance's internal network, Joseph surfed to the Web site using his laptop. In his browser, the Web site looked completely intact. No changes were apparent. Joseph called a friend of his at his home to help troubleshoot the problem. The Web site appeared defaced when his friend visited using his DSL connection. So, while Smith and his friend could see the defaced page, Joseph saw the intact Mason Insurance web site. To help make sense of this problem, Joseph decided to access the Web site using his dial-up ISP. He disconnected his laptop from the corporate internal network and used his modem to dial up the same ISP used by Smith. After his modem connected, he quickly typed www.masonins.com in his browser to reveal the following web page:
H@cker Mess@ge:
Y0u @re De@d! Fre@ks!
After seeing the defaced Web site, he disconnected his dial-up line, reconnected to the internal network, and used Secure Shell (SSH) to log in directly to the Web server. He ran Tripwire against the entire Web site, and determined that every system file and all the Web content on the server were intact.
How did the attacker accomplish this hack?
A. ARP spoofing
B. SQL injection
C. DNS poisoning
D. Routing table injection
Answer: C
Explanation: External calls for the Web site has been redirected to another server by a successful DNS poisoning.
Q353. As a securing consultant, what are some of the things you would recommend to a company to ensure DNS security?
Select the best answers.
A. Use the same machines for DNS and other applications
B. Harden DNS servers
C. Use split-horizon operation for DNS servers
D. Restrict Zone transfers
E. Have subnet diversity between DNS servers
Answer: BCDE
Explanations:
A is not a correct answer as it is never recommended to use a DNS server for any other application. Hardening of the DNS servers makes them less vulnerable to attack. It is recommended to split internal and external DNS servers (called split-horizon operation). Zone transfers should only be accepted from authorized DNS servers. By having DNS servers on different subnets, you may prevent both from going down, even if one of your networks goes down.
Q354. Exhibit
(Note: the student is being tested on concepts learnt during passive OS fingerprinting, basic TCP/IP connection concepts and the ability to read packet signatures from a sniff dump.)
Snort has been used to capture packets on the network. On studying the packets, the penetration tester finds it to be abnormal. If you were the penetration tester, why would you find this abnormal?
What is odd about this attack? Choose the best answer.
A. This is not a spoofed packet as the IP stack has increasing numbers for the three flags.
B. This is back orifice activity as the scan comes form port 31337.
C. The attacker wants to avoid creating a sub-carries connection that is not normally valid.
D. These packets were crafted by a tool, they were not created by a standard IP stack.
Answer: B
Explanation: Port 31337 is normally used by Back Orifice. Note that 31337 is hackers spelling of ‘elite’, meaning ‘elite hackers’.
Q355. A file integrity program such as Tripwire protects against Trojan horse attacks by:
A. Automatically deleting Trojan horse programs
B. Rejecting packets generated by Trojan horse programs
C. Using programming hooks to inform the kernel of Trojan horse behavior
D. Helping you catch unexpected changes to a system utility file that might indicate it had been replaced by a Trojan horse
Answer: D
Explanation: Tripwire generates a database of the most common files and directories on your system. Once it is generated, you can then check the current state of your system against the original database and get a report of all the files that have been modified, deleted or added. This comes in handy if you allow other people access to your machine and even if you don't, if someone else does get access, you'll know if they tried to modify files such as /bin/login etc.
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Q356. ________ is an automated vulnerability assessment tool.
A. Whack a Mole
B. Nmap
C. Nessus
D. Kismet
E. Jill32
Answer: C
Explanation: Nessus is a vulnerability assessment tool.
Q357. Which address translation scheme would allow a single public IP address to always correspond to a single machine on an internal network, allowing "server publishing"?
A. Overloading Port Address Translation
B. Dynamic Port Address Translation
C. Dynamic Network Address Translation
D. Static Network Address Translation
Answer: D
Explanation: Mapping an unregistered IP address to a registered IP address on a one-to-one basis. Particularly useful when a device needs to be accessible from outside the network.
Q358. StackGuard (as used by Immunix), ssp/ProPolice (as used by OpenBSD), and Microsoft's /GS option use _____ defense against buffer overflow attacks.
A. Canary
B. Hex editing
C. Format checking
D. Non-executing stack
Answer: A
Explanation: Canaries or canary words are known values that are placed between a buffer and control data on the stack to monitor buffer overflows. When the buffer overflows, it will clobber the canary, making the overflow evident. This is a reference to the historic practice of using canaries in coal mines, since they would be affected by toxic gases earlier than the miners, thus providing a biological warning system.
Q359. How do you defend against ARP spoofing?
A. Place static ARP entries on servers, workstation and routers
B. True IDS Sensors to look for large amount of ARP traffic on local subnets
C. Use private VLANS
D. Use ARPWALL system and block ARP spoofing attacks
Answer: ABC
Explanation: ARPWALL is a opensource tools will give early warning when arp attack occurs.
This tool is still under construction.
Q360. Look at the following SQL query. SELECT * FROM product WHERE PCategory='computers' or 1=1--' What will it return? Select the best answer.
A. All computers and all 1's
B. All computers
C. All computers and everything else
D. Everything except computers
Answer: C
Explanation: The 1=1 tells the SQL database to return everything, a simplified statement would be SELECT * FROM product WHERE 1=1 (which will always be true for all columns). Thus, this query will return all computers and everything else. The or 1=1 is a common test to see if a web application is vulnerable to a SQL attack.