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Q171. Which two features improve BGP convergence? (Choose two.)
A. next-hop address tracking
B. additional paths
C. advertise map
D. communities
E. soft reconfiguration
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The BGP Support for Next-Hop Address Tracking feature is enabled by default when a supporting Cisco software image is installed. BGP next-hop address tracking is event driven. BGP prefixes are automatically tracked as peering sessions are established. Next-hop changes are rapidly reported to the BGP routing process as they are updated in the RIB. This optimization improves overall BGP convergence by reducing the response time to next-hop changes for routes installed in the RIB. When a best path calculation is run in between BGP scanner cycles, only next-hop changes are tracked and processed. BGP routers and route reflectors (RRs) propagate only their best path over their sessions. The advertisement of a prefix replaces the previous announcement of that prefix (this behavior is known as an implicit withdraw). The implicit withdraw can achieve better scaling, but at the cost of path diversity. Path hiding can prevent efficient use of BGP multipath, prevent hitless planned maintenance, and can lead to MED oscillations and suboptimal hot-potato routing. Upon nexthop failures, path hiding also inhibits fast and local recovery because the network has to wait for BGP control plane convergence to restore traffic. The BGP Additional Paths feature provides a generic way of offering path diversity; the Best External or Best Internal features offer path diversity only in limited scenarios. The BGP Additional Paths feature provides a way for multiple paths for the same prefix to be advertised without the new paths implicitly replacing the previous paths. Thus, path diversity is achieved instead of path hiding.
References: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_bgp/configuration/15-1sg/irg-nexthop-track.html http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_bgp/configuration/xe-3s/irg-xe-3s-book/bgp_additional_paths.html
Q172. Under Cisco IOS Software, which two features are supported in RADIUS Change of Authorization requests? (Choose two.)
A. session identification
B. session reauthentication
C. session termination
D. host termination
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
CoA requests, as described in RFC 5176, are used in a pushed model to allow for session identification, host reauthentication, and session termination. The model comprises one request (CoA-Request) and two possible response codes.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/sec_usr_aaa/configuration/15-sy/sec-usr-aaa-15-sy-book/sec-rad-coa.html
Q173. A network engineer wants to add a new switch to an existing switch stack. Which configuration must be added to the new switch before it can be added to the switch stack?
A. No configuration must be added.
B. stack ID
C. IP address
D. VLAN information
E. VTP information
Answer: A
Q174. Refer to the exhibit.
Which two configuration changes enable the user admin to log in to the device? (Choose two.)
A. Configure the login authentication to be case-insensitive.
B. Configure the user admin with a password and appropriate privileges.
C. Configure the login authentication to be case-sensitive.
D. Modify the configuration to use a named group.
E. Configure additional login authentication under the terminal lines.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Usernames and passwords are case-sensitive. Users attempting to log in with an incorrectly cased username or password will be rejected. If users are unable to log into the router with their specific passwords, reconfigure the username and password on the router.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ios-nx-os-software/ios-software-releases-110/45843-configpasswords.html
Q175. On which three options can Cisco PfR base its traffic routing? (Choose three.)
A. Time of day
B. An access list with permit or deny statements
C. Load-balancing requirements
D. Network performance
E. User-defined link capacity thresholds
F. Router IOS version
Answer: C,D,E
Explanation:
Key Advantages of using PfR for Load balancing:
. Utilization based load-balancing: PfR takes real-time link utilization into account when load balancing the links. This will ensure that a link will not go beyond a certain percentage of its maximum capacity (75% by default).
. Application Performance based Load Balancing: PfR does not randomly forward traffic through one link or another. It takes application performance requirements into consideration and then forwards the traffic through a link which meets the performance policy requirements. PfR also load balances the link at the same time.
. Bi-directional Solution: PfR is a bi-directional load balancing solution which influences outbound as well as in-bound traffic.
. Consolidated Centralized View: PfR offers consolidated and centralized view of the state of all external links in the network. At any given time, the network administrator can see the current link utilization (in kbps and percentage of its capacity), maximum link threshold, and the policies applied to the links in the network.
Reference: http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/PfR:Solutions:InternetOutboundLoadBalancing
Q176. Refer to the exhibit.
Router A and router B are physically connected over an Ethernet interface, and IS-IS is configured as shown. Which option explains why the IS-IS neighborship is not getting formed between router A and router B?
A. same area ID
B. same N selector
C. same domain ID
D. same system ID
Answer: D
Explanation:
With IS-IS, the LSP identifier is derived from the system ID (along with the pseudonode ID and LSP number). Each IS is usually configured with one NET and in one area; each system ID within an area must be unique. The big difference between NSAP style addressing and IP style addressing is that, in general, there will be a single NSAP address for the entire router, whereas with IP there will be one IP address per interface. All ISs and ESs in a routing domain must have system IDs of the same length. All routers in an area must have the same area address. All Level 2 routers must have a unique system ID domain-wide, and all Level 1 routers must have a unique system ID area-wide.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6599/products_white_paper09186a00800a3e6f.sh tml
Q177. Which two statements about Cisco Performance Routing are true? (Choose two.)
A. It analyzes application performance to make routing decisions.
B. When determining the best path, it prefers the shortest path.
C. It can help the administrator determine the need for bandwidth upgrades.
D. It operates entirely in the data plane.
E. It can use EIGRP feasible successors to determine an alternate path.
F. It analyzes system hardware performance to make routing decisions.
Answer: A,E
Q178. Which two application protocols require application layer gateway support when using NAT on a Cisco router? (Choose two.)
A. SIP
B. HTTP
C. FTP
D. SMTP
E. POP3
Answer: A,C
Q179. What is the VLAN ID range of VLANs that are eligible for pruning?
A. 2 through 1001
B. 1 through 1005
C. 1 through 4096
D. 2 through 1005
Answer: A
Q180. Which LSA type is associated with the default route in a totally stubby area?
A. interarea-prefix LSA for ABRs (Type 3)
B. autonomous system external LSA (Type 5)
C. router LSA (Type 1)
D. interarea-router LSAs for ASBRs (Type 4)
Answer: A