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Q46. If a client exhibits problem behaviors throughout the day and evenings regardless of what is going on in the environment and what activities he/she is participating in, which would be the BEST way to reduce the high frequency and increase latency?
A. Use a differential reinforcement procedure for the absence of problem behaviors for an amount of time with a high magnitude reinforcer as a reward.
B. Use a high magnitude punishment procedure every time he/she exhibits the problem behavior.
C. Use a low magnitude punishment procedure every time he/she exhibits the problem behavior.
D. Use a fixed ratio reinforcer every time he/she exhibits appropriate behavior.
Answer: A
Q47. Sue consults with her supervisor to be certain her procedures are conceptually systematic. Conceptually systematic procedures are
A. based on empirical evidence of their effectiveness.
B. derived from experimental analysis of similar behavior in the field.
C. identifiers of functional relations between a behavioral dimension and an environmental event.
D. linked to and described in terms of the basic principles of behavior.
Answer: D
Q48. When shopping with her dad, Sally knocks items off the shelf, especially canned goods. The cans make a loud noise when they hit the floor. Her dad decides to teach her an alternative behavior.
What alternative behavior is the BEST choice to teach?
A. Sally pushes the shopping cart with both hands.
B. Sally drops items into the cart when her dad gives them to her.
C. Sally keeps her hands in her pockets while in the store.
D. Sally holds dad's hand while shopping and gets to let go when quiet.
Answer: B
Q49. When developing a task analysis, a behavior analyst would first:
A. assess the mastery level of the individual.
B. conduct a functional assessment of the target skills.
C. determine the necessary component steps.
D. observe the individual to collect baseline data.
Answer: C
Q50. Mr. Winston has developed a reward system in his classroom where only those students who have submitted homework for 5 out of 5 days in the week receive a reward from the "treasure box." This is an example of a (n):
A. co-dependent group contingency.
B. dependent group contingency.
C. independent group contingency.
D. interdependent group contingency.
Answer: C
Q51. Mitch, a 17-year-old with intellectual disabilities, has made great progress on toileting and hand- washing skills at school. Ethically, which procedure would be the MOST appropriate?
A. Every time Mitch uses the washroom, an aide stands at the door, records the task analysis steps successfully completed, and posts the results on the bathroom door.
B. If all steps to toileting and hand-washing are completed successfully, the teacher gives Mitch a smile and notes the frequency on a chart at her desk.
C. If Mitch makes errors on toileting and hand-washing tasks, a positive practice procedure is implemented.
D. Upon successful completion of toileting and hand-washing, the teacher announces, "Good toileting, Mitch," and marks the success on a wall chart.
Answer: B
Q52. Jamie frequently falls to the floor and screams at school. Preliminary behavioral assessment data indicate that his tantrums are maintained by attention and escape from demand situations. Jamie's behavior analyst wants to examine precisely how attention and escape conditions affect these behaviors. The behavior analyst does not want to conduct the analysis in Jamie's classroom because she would not be able to control for potentially important factors. Relating to this scenario, which statement is TRUE?
A. Analyses that involve experimental conditions are almost always conducted in the person's natural environment.
B. The behavior analyst could conduct the analysis in a vacant classroom, but the generality of the findings is an issue to be considered.
C. The behavior analyst should conduct detailed interviews with the teacher and school staff to determine functional relations.
D. Only if the analysis is conducted in Jamie's classroom can a reasonable hypothesis be generated.
Answer: B
Q53. When determining the specified time interval to prescribe at the start of a DRO intervention, which of the following dimensions of the target behavior is MOST relevant?
A. latency
B. frequency
C. duration
D. inter-response time
Answer: D
Q54. To facilitate errorless learning, begin witH.
A. backward chaining.
B. fading stimulus prompts.
C. forward chaining.
D. response prompts.
Answer: D
Q55. A behavior analyst is conducting research on the accuracy of a student's responding to written math problems based on the final answer with no scoring of intermediate calculations. Which is the BEST method for obtaining accurate inter-observer agreement results?
A. Researcher and observer sit together to score the student's work.
B. Photocopies of the student's work are scored independently by researcher and observer.
C. The student's scratch paper is scored if researcher and observer do not agree on a response.
D. Researcher scores the student's work and the observer reviews the researcher's scores for accuracy.
Answer: B
Q56. Contingency-shaped behavior is:
A. based on phylogeny, whereas rule-governed behavior is based on ontogeny.
B. established as a function of relations among unconditioned stimuli, a response class, and reinforcement.
C. more resistant to extinction than rule-governed behavior.
D. established as the result of a person's experience.
Answer: D
Q57. When setting criteria for behavior change, behavior analysts attempt to implement the simplest mode of intervention necessary to elicit the desired outcome. As such, the identified outcome criteria should be
A. applied to ecological assessments to generalize skills.
B. developed prior to the identified intervention.
C. initially broad in focus with subsequent reduction to a target response.
D. measured independent of practice effects or reactivity.
Answer: B
Q58. Which does NOT increase the effectiveness of punishment?
A. availability of alternative responses
B. inability to avoid the punisher
C. intermittent delivery of the punisher
D. reinforcement frequency for alternative behavior
Answer: C
Q59. The purpose of including untaught items or tasks within a Discrete Trial Instruction program is to assess:
A. context.
B. fluency.
C. generalization.
D. mastery.
Answer: C
Q60. To increase the likelihood of beginning a difficult task:
A. arrange a reinforcer for its completion.
B. do several easy tasks first.
C. arrange for periodic reminders.
D. establish a deadline for completion.
Answer: B